{"id":1478,"date":"2020-05-08T12:38:42","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T11:38:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petpedia.co\/blog\/?p=1478"},"modified":"2022-01-04T14:48:24","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T14:48:24","slug":"felv-in-cats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petpedia.co\/blog\/felv-in-cats\/","title":{"rendered":"The Basics of FeLV in Cats: Everything You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"
FeLV in cats<\/span> is one of the most devastating infectious diseases that affect cats globally, and it\u2019s the second most common cause of death among cats. <\/span><\/p>\n It manifests through inadequate immune response, leading to persistent infections, anemia, and, eventually, malignancies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n FeLV primarily affects<\/span> intact domestic cats<\/span><\/a>, but other cats are also prone to the disease. Also, cancer is not the only cause of death among FeLV-positive felines \u2013 they often succumb to minor FeLV-induced infections as well.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Nevertheless, <\/span>feline leukemia in cats<\/span> isn\u2019t necessarily a death sentence. Cats may cope with secondary infections successfully and live relatively regular lives. Another good news is that FeLV is preventable, but the thing is, not all cat owners are aware of that.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Therefore, we\u2019ve researched the most critical FeLV facts and put them together for you.<\/span><\/p>\n FeLV is a retrovirus belonging to the family of oncoviruses along with other destructive viruses (such as feline sarcoma virus, mouse leukemia viruses, as well as some of the human viruses). <\/span><\/p>\n While the development of cancerous lesions is unquestionably one of the most severe FeLV consequences, it also results in other conditions such as repetitive infections, extreme neurological conditions, urinary system problems, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n Outside of the host organism, FeLV isn\u2019t expected to survive for more than a couple of hours. Possibly, it will endure for two days under ideal conditions, but that is its topmost life span. Plus, just like any other virus, FeLV is highly vulnerable to heat and surfactants.<\/span><\/p>\n Unlike FIV, the other dangerous feline virus with somewhat similar consequences, which can only be transmitted by entering the cat\u2019s bloodstream, FeLV is spread easily.<\/span><\/p>\n In short, the transmission is possible through any form of physical contact. In other words, sexual contact is not needed for this to happen. The virus is spread through interactive activities, such as grooming, sharing food dishes, using the same litter box, etc.).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Of course, <\/span>FeLV in cats<\/span> is unavoidably transmitted through aggressive contact such as biting. If a cat infected with FeLV gives birth to kittens, all of them will be affected as well.<\/span><\/p>\n Cats that interact with the infected cats are at the most considerable risk of getting infected with FeLV. Out of all the cats that come in contact with the infection carriers, kittens and younger cats are most likely to contract it. <\/span><\/p>\n Of course, feral, strays, and pet cats allowed to wander around are the ones most exposed to the virus. This increases their risk of catching the virus, even though they have better chances of not getting it if they live in a single-cat household.<\/span><\/p>\n As previously mentioned, FeLV is a retrovirus<\/a>. These are the viruses able to transform the genetic material of the infected cells and turn them into tiny virus workshops. <\/span><\/p>\n Such means of virus replication requires a significant amount of time, which is why infected cats may not show any symptoms at first. However, once they do, you will usually notice the following:<\/span><\/p>\n There are different types of tests for diagnosing FeLV, which are also used for establishing the FIV diagnosis. <\/span><\/p>\n The most accurate diagnosis is based on the combination of anamnesis (including the information on the potential virus exposure) and one of the commonly used tests. <\/span><\/p>\n These are blood tests that will either determine the presence of the virus itself or its antibodies in the blood.<\/span><\/p>\n ELISA (standing for \u201cenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay\u201d) is the most basic FeLV-identifying test<\/a> which can be performed during any visit to a local veterinary clinic. <\/span><\/p>\n In essence, it is a routine procedure conducted as an initial <\/span>feline leukemia test<\/span>. A positive ELISA is undoubtedly a sign of virus exposure, but it cannot pinpoint the exact infection stage. <\/span><\/p>\n Moreover, cats can test as false FeLV positive on ELISA if the organism is still in the phase of attempting to fight off the virus.<\/span><\/p>\n Due to the sophisticated technology required for performing it, IFA (IFA (standing for \u201cimmunofluorescent assay\u201d) has to be done within a diagnostic laboratory. <\/span><\/p>\n These are blood samples of <\/span>FeLV cats<\/span> (as well as those with FIV) and are usually sent out from the local laboratory for further analysis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n This takes place after a positive ELISA test to determine the exact stage of the infection (e.g., a positive IFA<\/span> means that the virus has entered the bone marrow).<\/span><\/p>\n For several years, an innovative way of testing FeLV and FIV at once has been used, called the Combo test. For performing this test, no commercial laboratory is needed \u2013 it can be conducted at your local veterinary clinic in no more than several minutes. <\/span><\/p>\n The only equipment required for performing this type of FeLV and FIV test consists of a piece of filter paper. Any changes on the paper after it comes into contact with blood drops indicate the virus\u2019s presence or absence.<\/span><\/p>\n There are no age-related limitations to taking tests for FIV and FeLV \u2013 a kitten may undergo the testing at any time. <\/span><\/p>\n However, the analysis does require taking some of the kitten\u2019s blood. This may be challenging for the little ones (e.g., 5-week-old kittens), so it might be wiser to wait a few months before the test is taken. <\/span><\/p>\n If a <\/span>kitten tested positive for feline leukemia<\/span>, it usually has been infected with FeLV indeed, but this should be confirmed by re-taking the test. However, a negative test almost certainly means that the kitten has not been infected with FeLV.<\/span><\/p>\n FeLV is a highly destructive virus that causes the cat\u2019s organism to be highly susceptible to various infections. <\/span><\/p>\n These infections are called secondary infections (FeLV infection being the primary one). They are responsible for most of the diseases in a cat infected with FeLV. <\/span><\/p>\n However, this does not occur overnight. There is a pattern of the disease progression, which is predictable to a certain extent.<\/span><\/p>\n Roughly speaking, we can differentiate between early (asymptomatic) and <\/span>final stages of feline leukemia<\/span> (progressive deterioration of the cat\u2019s health, usually starting with the loss of appetite and lethargy). <\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n More specifically, based on the immune response after the initial FeLV exposure, there are three levels of the infection.<\/span><\/p>\n Seldom, a cat might get abortively infected, which means its immune system can respond to the infection effectively and completely eradicate it from the body.<\/span><\/p>\n In case of the regressive infection, a <\/span>FeLV-positive<\/span> cat is a virus carrier that has a quality of immune response that is high enough to clear the virus from the blood. <\/span><\/p>\n However, it is insufficient to remove its DNA from the bone marrow. The virus will eventually reactivate and trigger the symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Once the infection reaches the progressive level, cats carry the tiny virus pieces in the blood. They are highly contagious to other cats, with severe symptoms of secondary infections.<\/span><\/p>\n Unfortunately, there is no cure for FeLV. The current possibilities are limited to the prevention and treatment of minor FeLV-induced symptoms (for instance, a <\/span>FeLV cat<\/span> will often get antibiotic prescriptions against bacterial infections or blood transfusions for alleviating the effects of anemia, etc.). <\/span><\/p>\n Still, there are certain things you should focus on.<\/span><\/p>\n Nutrition is vital when it comes to treating the symptoms. It is a good idea to supply your cat with some of the immuno-boosters available on the market (do ask your veterinarian to recommend the best one). <\/span><\/p>\n To treat <\/span>feline leukemia in cats<\/span>, you should give your cat the essential nutrients, vitamins, and enzymes in a tasty form.<\/span><\/p>\n You should avoid feeding your cat meals that possibly contain bacteria, such as eggs and raw meat. Whenever you have some spare time, dedicate a little portion of it to preparing cooked meals for your cat \u2013 it will mean a lot.<\/span><\/p>\n First of all, make sure that all the new cats you adopt have undergone a <\/span>FeLV test<\/span>. If you happen to have a cat with FeLV sharing the home with healthy cats,<\/span> take care of their bowls and litter box hygiene<\/span><\/a>, and make sure that none of them are shared between the cats.<\/span><\/p>\n FeLV is highly preventable, but not completely. The reason is obvious \u2013 one cannot control a cat completely. Still, there are certain measures a responsible owner should consider.<\/span><\/p>\n FeLV transmission<\/span> is possible during each healthy cat\u2019s exposure to the potentially infected cats. With that said, make sure to keep your healthy cat away from the potentially infected cats. <\/span><\/p>\n It is highly recommended that the infected cat be neutered and kept indoors. If access to the outside world is allowed (we admit, it is cruel to completely devoid a cat of the freedom to explore its environment), provide a space with a secure enclosure.<\/span><\/p>\n FeLV vaccines have been available for many years and have dramatically decreased the incidence of FeLV. <\/span><\/p>\n However, while they certainly are efficient for preventing the spread of\u00a0 FeLV and accordingly controlling the detrimental effects of it, they are not 100% reliable, as is the case with any other vaccine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Still, the experts highly recommend the FeLV vaccination for all kittens. As for adult cats, you have to make a sensible decision based on their lifestyle and potential exposure to the virus.<\/span><\/p>\n Minor allergic reactions to the vaccine are possible. FeLV vaccines have been formulated to be as harmless as possible. The side effects are highly unlikely (apart from mildly sluggish behavior immediately following the vaccination). <\/span><\/p>\n Since these usually happen immediately after the vaccination, a veterinarian will provide an efficient treatment right away.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The vaccine is being constantly improved upon so that the risks are minimized. However, if you still have concerns over it, you might want to discuss things in detail with your veterinarian.<\/span><\/p>\n There are no rules when it comes to <\/span>feline leukemia<\/span> and <\/span>life expectancy<\/span>. Once a cat reaches the final stage of FeLV, it is most likely to live up to several months if cared for properly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Sometimes, a cat with FeLV will live for three to four years after being diagnosed with the virus. Statistics show that approximately 20% of cats with feline leukemia get to live over three years (though with an inevitably changed quality of life) after the diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n It depends on how well taken care of the cat is. Some cats get to live up to 15 years, like any other healthy cat. The life expectancy is heavily dependent on whether a cat gets infected as a kitten or as an adult. The virus is harsh on kittens, who mostly live up to 2 years.<\/span><\/p>\n There is no need to get a cat euthanized because of the FeLV diagnosis. As long as your cat feels good, has an appetite, and has an overall sound quality of life, just keep doing whatever you can to prolong this, following the steps discussed in the treatment section.<\/span><\/p>\n Unfortunately, there is no cure for FeLV at the moment. However, there is a lot that you can do. <\/span><\/p>\n Regular veterinary care and undertaking the preventative measures that we\u2019ve mentioned in the prevention section will undoubtedly help your cat feel good most of the time and fight off secondary infections if any appear.<\/span><\/p>\n No. Cats positive for FeLV virus actually require special treatment and environment. Other animals, such as bunnies or<\/span> family dogs<\/span><\/a>, can share the same household with FeLV-infected cats safely. <\/span><\/p>\nWhat is <\/span>FeLV in Cats<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
The lifespan of the virus<\/span><\/h3>\n
FeLV Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n
Risk Factors<\/span><\/h2>\n
FeLV Symptoms<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
Diagnosis: <\/span>FeLV\/FIV Test<\/span> Types<\/span><\/h2>\n
ELISA<\/span><\/h3>\n
IFA<\/span><\/h3>\n
FeLV\/FIV Combo test<\/span><\/h3>\n
When to test kittens for FeLV\/FIV?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Progression<\/span><\/h2>\n
Early stages vs. final stages<\/span><\/h3>\n
Abortive level<\/span><\/h3>\n
Regressive level<\/span><\/h3>\n
Progressive level<\/span><\/h3>\n
Treatment of FeLV<\/span><\/h2>\n
Attention to nutrition<\/span><\/h3>\n
Foods to avoid<\/span><\/h3>\n
Hygiene<\/span><\/h3>\n
Prevention<\/span><\/h2>\n
Restricting the cat\u2019s exposure to FeLV<\/span><\/h3>\n
Feline leukemia vaccine<\/span><\/h3>\n
Potential <\/span>FeLV Vaccine Side Effects<\/span><\/h2>\n
Prognosis<\/span><\/h2>\n
FeLV vs. FIV<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
FAQ<\/span><\/h2>\n
How long do cats with FeLV live?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Should a cat with feline leukemia be put down?<\/span><\/h3>\n
How do you treat FeLV in cats?<\/span><\/h3>\n
Can FeLV-positive cats live with other cats?<\/span><\/h3>\n